A dump truck is a vehicle that unloads goods by itself through hydraulic or mechanical lifting. Also known as dump truck. It is composed of automobile chassis, hydraulic lifting mechanism, cargo compartment and power take-off device and other components.
The compartment of the dump truck is divided into two types: backward tipping and sideways tipping. The movement of the piston rod is controlled by the operating system.
One. Introduction
In civil engineering, dump trucks are often combined with construction machinery such as excavators, loaders, and belt conveyors to form a loading, transporting, and unloading production line for loading and unloading of earthwork, sand, and bulk materials.
Two. Working principle
The structure of the dump truck's engine, chassis and cab is the same as that of a general truck.
The high-pressure oil enters the lifting hydraulic cylinder through the distribution valve and the oil pipe, and there is a cab safety protection plate at the front end of the car.
The engine drives the hydraulic pump through the transmission and the power take-off device. The cabin hydraulic tipping mechanism is composed of a fuel tank, a hydraulic pump, a distribution valve, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, a control valve and oil pipes.
The engine drives the hydraulic pump through the transmission and the power take-off device. The high-pressure oil enters the lifting hydraulic cylinder through the distribution valve and the oil pipe, and pushes the piston rod to tip the carriage. It is more common to tip over in the future, and the steering of the piston rod can be controlled by the operating system to stop the car at any desired tilted position. The compartment is reset by its own gravity and hydraulic control.
Three. Classification criteria
1. Shape
Flat head dump truck, pointed tip dump truck
2. Link form
Direct push type tilting mechanism; link type tilting mechanism.
3. Purpose
Agricultural dump trucks, mine dump trucks, garbage dump trucks, coal transport dump trucks, construction machinery dump trucks, and sludge dump trucks.
drive mode
4x2 (single-axle) dump truck, 6x2 (four in front and four in the rear) dump truck, 6x4 (double-axle in the rear) dump truck, 8x4 (four in front and eight in the rear) dump truck, double-axle semi-trailer dump truck, and three-axle semi-trailer dump truck.
4. Flip
Front-lift and side-tipping dump trucks, as well as two-way side-tipping dump trucks, are mainly used in construction projects.
Four. Advantages
Because the loading compartment can automatically tip over to unload at a certain angle, it greatly saves unloading time and labor, shortens the transportation cycle, improves production efficiency, and reduces transportation costs. It is a commonly used special vehicle for transportation.
Five. Maintenance skills
1. New dump trucks or overhauled trucks must be tested to ensure that the lifting process of the cabin is smooth and free of movement.
2. When using, all parts should be properly selected according to the regulations, which greatly saves unloading time and labor, and the lifting mechanism strictly replaces the oil on schedule.
3. Ship according to the rated loading capacity, and overloading is strictly prohibited.
Six. Operating procedures
1. Do not suddenly push the lifting handle to the "down position" during full-load lifting.
If this operation error occurs, the carriage will rush down suddenly, which will bring a great impact to the frame, and even cause an accident. Therefore, the above-mentioned operations should be avoided as much as possible. If there are special circumstances, it must be operated carefully, and the landing speed should be slowed down as much as possible. It is necessary not to drop the carriage suddenly to the bottom.
2. It is not allowed to use the heavy lifting vehicle-slamming brake to unload the cargo.
Due to the large inertial force of the lift truck (generally 5 to 20 times the rated lifting force), it is easy to cause permanent deformation of the frame, open welding of the carriage and auxiliary frame, burn the oil pump or damage the sealing ring, damage the hydraulic cylinder, etc. The service life of the vehicle is reduced, and in severe cases, a rollover accident may occur. Therefore, it is generally forbidden to drive when the dump truck is lifted.
3. The dump truck must disengage the power take-off after unloading the cargo before driving.
If this operation error occurs, when the dump truck is driving, because the power take-off is in the "engagement" position, the lift oil pump will run at high speed and without load for a long time in the "small cycle" state. As a result, the oil temperature of the hydraulic oil rises rapidly, which can easily cause damage to the oil pump oil seal, and even cause the oil pump to "burn out".
4. The power take-off cannot be in the "on" position when driving.
If it is in the "on" state (the red light is on), the oil pump will continue to rotate, and the hydraulic system will have a power source, which will cause the car to automatically lift due to misoperation on the air control control valve; at this time, even if the air control distribution valve is in the "down" position, oil will enter the oil pump, which will cause the oil pump to burn out.
