Mining Dump Truck belongs to Off-highway dump trucks. It is a dump truck used to transport coal mines and sand in off-highway field sites, such as large open-pit mines and water conservancy projects. In civil engineering, it is often combined with construction machinery such as excavators, loaders, and belt conveyors to form a loading, transporting, and unloading production line for loading, unloading, and transportation of earthwork, sand, and bulk materials.
Introduction
Off-highway mine dump truck is mainly composed of engine, chassis, control compartment (head), generator system, body (actuating system) and auxiliary power system.
The characteristics of off-highway mine dump trucks are: large tonnage, low consumption, high technical content and high price.
Classification according to transmission mode: Off-highway mining dump trucks can be divided into electric wheel off-highway mining dump trucks and mechanical transmission off-highway mining dump trucks. Electric wheel non-highway mining dump trucks are generally under 108 tons for light duty, and 108-360 tons for heavy duty; mechanically driven off-highway mining dump trucks are generally below 85 tons, and heavy duty is generally 85-318 tons. In the 1970s, due to the lack of large hydraulic torque converters, mine dump trucks over 100 tons were completely dominated by electric drives. With the maturity of large hydraulic torque converters, Caterpillar of the United States has launched a 360-ton hydraulic transmission mine dump truck. In the mid-1990s, AC-AC direct electric drive technology began to be applied to 300-ton mining dump trucks.
Due to the advantages of good mobility, fast turnover, heavy load, and large capacity, off-highway mine dump trucks have become the main means of transportation for the development and production of open-pit mines. At present, only the United States, Japan, Belarus and a few industrially developed countries in China can independently research and develop, and the series range from 100 tons to 360 tons.
In 2005, the market capacity of the international mining vehicle market was about 1,300 vehicles, with a total loading capacity of about 2 billion tons. Mining vehicles are mainly used in coal mines, gold mines, copper mines and iron mines, and the users are mainly distributed in Australia and America. Among them, Australia is the largest user of mining vehicles in the world. China and Mongolia are becoming the fastest growing markets for mining dump trucks.
Since the invention of mining electric wheel dump truck in 1963, after more than 30 years of continuous improvement and the adoption of a large number of new technologies, new materials and new processes, heavy mining electric wheel dump truck has matured as a new variety of vehicles, and its loading quality has risen from 77 tons of the first car to the current largest 317.5 tons. Among the transportation equipment for large-scale open-pit mines with an annual mining capacity of more than 10 million tons, mining electric wheel dump trucks have occupied 2/3 of the market, and they are responsible for the mining and transportation of 40% of the world's coal and 90% of iron ore.
In the selection process of dump trucks for open-pit mines, the selection of the vehicle tonnage should be considered to match the supporting loading machinery. For example, the compartment volume of a mine car is generally 3 or 4 times the volume of an electric bucket.
In addition, it is not that the larger the vehicle tonnage, the better. According to Australian professional statistics, the optimal tonnage of dump trucks for open pit mines is 220 tons to 240 tons. In this range, the unit transportation cost is the lowest. The choice of mine cart body is critical. Its cost is only 1/15 of the entire vehicle, but its impact on the cost of the entire vehicle is as high as 1/5. The new dump truck body is made of bionic structure, streamlined body and high-strength alloy steel. The body weight is reduced by 20%, saving energy and reducing consumption by 10%. For a dump truck that consumes 3,000 liters of diesel per day, it is quite impressive. And its service life is 2-3 times of the traditional car body.
Driver's view
Due to the huge size and overall weight of mining dump trucks, the driver's field of vision is very limited. Therefore, other traditional vehicles (such as pickups, SUVs, and ordinary trucks) in their operating areas must set up a 5-6-meter-high flagpole with a red flag on it to remind drivers of mine dump trucks to pay attention to avoiding.
World's largest:
Belarus's BELAZ 75710 dump truck with a load capacity of 450 tons.
The DE400 mining electric drive dump truck of China Xugong Group has a load capacity of 400 tons.
Germany's Liebherr's T282B diesel AC drive truck has a load capacity of 363 tons and uses a 3650 horsepower diesel engine.
Japan's Komatsu 960E-1 AC drive truck has a load of 360 tons.
TEREX-UNITRIG MT-6300AC electric wheel dump truck with a load of 363 tons.
Inner Mongolia North Heavy Duty Truck Co., Ltd.'s Unitreg MT5500 electric wheel mine truck has a load capacity of 360 tons.
The Caterpillar 797 mechanical (hydraulic) transmission rear wheel drive mine dump truck has a load capacity of 326 tons. When it came out in 1998, it broke the 20-year world record of load capacity held by TITAN of General Motors of Canada. Equipped with a 24-cylinder 3400 horsepower diesel engine. The latest modification, 797F, has a load capacity of 360 tons and 4,000 horsepower.
